For different types of fuel and other light petroleum products are allowed transportation in metal drums and canisters with a maximum capacity of the Gulf of 95% of total capacity. For the “viscous” mineral oils – oils, lubricants, bitumen, it is allowed the use of polymer and glass containers, there is no limit on the amount required. Some viscous oil – for example, bitumen – may require heating during the discharge, other substances – aids in the form of lower discharge device or electric blanket. That is why virtually for each oil product there are specialized containers, rail and road tanks that meets standards of safety and practicality.
Each type of transport has its pluses and minuses. The fastest way is air but it is is very expensive, requires special security measures that is why this method of delivery is used rarely – in the case of an emergency or the inability to deliver the fuel by other means, for example, for military purposes or in cases of actual terrain inaccessible to other modes of transport.
The most common is railway. Geography of railroad oil transportation from production areas to refineries in the repository or consumers is tied to the gas basins. Calculation of railway fare depends on distance and direction.
Despite the convenience of the railway mode of transport products over long distances, petroleum products – such as gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, bitumen, fuel oil, or liquefied natural gas – it is optimally delivery by tankers on the small distance to the implementation. Transportation of fuel in this manner significantly increases its use value. Return trucking is limited by distance 300-400 miles that determines their local character – from the tank farm to a gas station and back.
The convenient transport for the carriage of oil and fuel is the sea and river tankers. River-oil, as compared with rail, reduces costs by 10-15%, and 40% compared with vehicle.
Security of oil transportation.
Despite the constant tightening of safety standards, transportation of petroleum products is detrimental to the environment. Representatives of international ecological-security organizations believe that the measures taken to date for the protection of oil pollution is not enough. Especially dangerous are sea and river tankers. Therefore such measures are necessary as the decommissioning of obsolete and single-hull vessels to develop a clear plan to eliminate oil contamination. High requirements to security make enterprises-carrier of oil upgrade logistical base. Introduction of new contemporary designs of tanks, containers, tanks, equipped with control systems for pressure, temperature, humidity and other parameters require large financial investments. That is why in a market large companies are competitive, working as a rule, on a full cycle. This means that the company produces, processes, stores and transports petroleum.
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